FQLExpression.java

/*
** Module   : FQLExpression.java
** Abstract : FQL expression with substitution parameters.
**
** Copyright (c) 2014-2024, Golden Code Development Corporation.
**
** -#- -I- --Date-- ---------------------------------------Description---------------------------------------
** 001 SVL 20140210 Created initial version.
** 002 ECF 20150715 Added toFinalExpression variant which optionally emits simple placeholders.
** 003 EVL 20160223 Javadoc fixes to make compatible with Oracle Java 8 for Solaris 10.
** 004 AL2 20211101 Changed copy constructor.
**         20221102 Rename class to FQLExpression.
** 005 OM  20231115 Added multiplexed property to mark the object as already containing the multiplex and
**                  this constraint into outer FQL is not needed and even illegal.
** 006 CA  20240812 Performance improvement - reduce the number of StringBuilder instances.
*/

/*
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** published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
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** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
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*/

package com.goldencode.p2j.persist;

import com.goldencode.p2j.util.*;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * Represents an FQL expression: FQL where clause, FQL statement or FQL snippet. It allows to
 * concatenate a string containing substitution parameters and then emit resulting string with
 * proper placeholders, e.g. with placeholders for JPA-style positional parameters which have
 * throughout numeration. Example of usage:<br><br>
 * <code>
 * FQLExpression fql = new FQLExpression("where ");<br>
 * fql.append("a = ", true);<br>
 * fql.append(" and b");<br>
 * fql.append(' = ", true);<br>
 * fql.toFinalExpression; -&gt; "where a = ?0 and b = ?1"
 * </code>
 */
public class FQLExpression
{
   /**
    * Parts of the FQL expression separated by substitutions.
    */
   private List<String> parts = new ArrayList<>();

   /**
    * <code>true</code> if the FQL expression ends with a substitution.
    */
   private boolean endsWithSubst = false;

   /**
    * String builder to speed up sequential concatenations. Can be <code>null</code> or contain
    * the last part for {@link #parts}.
    */
   private StringBuilder lastPart = new StringBuilder(64);
   
   /** Flag indicating if {@link #lastPart} is used. */
   private boolean hasLastPart = false;
   
   /** By default, FQL expressions, including the empty ones are not (yet) multiplexed. */
   private boolean multiplexed = false;
   
   /**
    * Create an empty FQL expression.
    */
   public FQLExpression()
   {
   }
   
   /**
    * Create an FQL expression starting with the specified sub-expression.
    *
    * @param starting
    *        Staring sub-expression.
    */
   public FQLExpression(FQLExpression starting)
   {
      this.parts = new ArrayList<>(starting.parts);
      if (starting.hasLastPart)
      {
         this.lastPart.append(starting.lastPart);
         this.hasLastPart = true;
      }
      this.endsWithSubst = starting.endsWithSubst;
      this.multiplexed = starting.multiplexed;
   }
   
   /**
    * Create an FQL expression starting with the specified sub-expression.
    *
    * @param starting
    *        Staring sub-expression.
    */
   public FQLExpression(String starting)
   {
      this(starting, false);
   }

   /**
    * Create an FQL expression starting with the specified sub-expression.
    *
    * @param starting
    *        Staring sub-expression.
    * @param endsWithSubst
    *        <code>true</code> if the starting sub-expression ends with a substitution.
    */
   public FQLExpression(String starting, boolean endsWithSubst)
   {
      append(starting, endsWithSubst);
   }

   /**
    * Append the expression with the specified sub-expression.
    *
    * @param  subExpression
    *         Sub-expression to append.
    *
    * @return this expression.
    */
   public FQLExpression append(String subExpression)
   {
      return append(subExpression, false);
   }

   /**
    * Append the expression with the specified sub-expression.
    *
    * @param  subExpression
    *         Sub-expression to append.
    * @param  endsWithSubst
    *         <code>true</code> if the appended sub-expression ends with a substitution.
    *
    * @return this expression.
    */
   public FQLExpression append(String subExpression, boolean endsWithSubst)
   {
      if (this.endsWithSubst || parts.isEmpty())
      {
         writeLastPart();
         parts.add(subExpression);
      }
      else
      {
         int lastIndex = parts.size() - 1;
         if (!hasLastPart)
         {
            String part = parts.get(lastIndex);
            hasLastPart = true;
            lastPart.append(part);
         }
         lastPart.append(subExpression);
      }
      
      this.endsWithSubst = endsWithSubst;
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Append the expression with the specified sub-expression.
    *
    * @param  subExpression
    *         Sub-expression to append.
    *
    * @return this expression.
    */
   public FQLExpression append(FQLExpression subExpression)
   {
      if (!subExpression.isEmpty())
      {
         subExpression.writeLastPart();
         int len = subExpression.parts.size();
         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
         {
            boolean last = (i == len - 1);
            append(subExpression.parts.get(i), !last || subExpression.endsWithSubst);
         }
      }
      
      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the final form of the FQL expression with placeholders emitted. Placeholders are
    * for JPA-style positional parameters, i.e. ?0, ?1 etc.
    *
    * @return  See above.
    */
   public String toFinalExpression()
   {
      return toFinalExpression(true);
   }
   
   /**
    * Returns the final form of the FQL expression with placeholders emitted. Placeholders are
    * for JPA-style positional parameters, i.e. ?0, ?1 etc. if <code>jpsStyle</code> is
    * <code>true</code>; otherwise, simple substitution placeholders (i.e., ?) are emitted.
    *
    * @param   jpaStyle
    *          <code>true</code> to emit JPA-style positional parameter placeholders;
    *          <code>false</code> to emit simple placeholders.
    *
    * @return  See above.
    */
   public String toFinalExpression(boolean jpaStyle)
   {
      writeLastPart();
      int index = 0;
      int len = parts.size();
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
      {
         sb.append(parts.get(i));
         boolean last = (i == len - 1);
         if (!last || endsWithSubst)
         {
            sb.append("?");
            if (jpaStyle)
            {
               sb.append(index++);
            }
         }
      }
      return sb.toString();
   }

   /**
    * If this expression is empty.
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if this expression is empty.
    */
   public boolean isEmpty()
   {
      return parts.isEmpty();
   }

   /**
    * Trim the expression.
    *
    * @return this expression.
    */
   public FQLExpression trim()
   {
      if (!isEmpty())
      {
         writeLastPart();

         String first = TextOps.leftTrim(parts.get(0)).toJavaType();
         parts.set(0, first);

         if (!endsWithSubst)
         {
            int lastIndex = parts.size() - 1;
            String last = TextOps.rightTrim(parts.get(lastIndex)).toJavaType();
            parts.set(lastIndex, last);
         }
      }

      return this;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the string representation of this expression.
    *
    * @return the string representation of this expression.
    */
   public String toString()
   {
      return toFinalExpression();
   }

   /**
    * If the last part of the expression is contained in {@link #lastPart} buffer, flush it to
    * {@link #parts}.
    */
   private void writeLastPart()
   {
      if (hasLastPart)
      {
         parts.set(parts.size() - 1, lastPart.toString());
         lastPart.setLength(0);
         hasLastPart = false;
      }
   }
   
   /**
    * Test whether the multiplex check was added to this expression. 
    * 
    * @return  {@code true} if this expression was marked as multiplexed after the condition was added. 
    */
   public boolean wasMultiplexed()
   {
      return multiplexed;
   }
   
   /**
    * Sets the expression's multiplexed property. Normally, it makes sense to call this only with {@code true}
    * parameter, after adding the multiplex check condition to expression. The opposite would be useful if the
    * expression is cleared, but this feature is not currently available.
    * 
    * @param   multiplexed
    *          The new value of the property.
    */
   public void setMultiplexed(boolean multiplexed)
   {
      this.multiplexed = multiplexed;
   }
}