SymmetricEncryption.java

/*
** Module   : SymmetricEncryption.java
** Abstract : A symmetric algorithm used for making strings (passwords) not so easy readable.
**
** Copyright (c) 2015-2023, Golden Code Development Corporation.
**
** -#- -I- --Date-- ---------------------------------Description---------------------------------
** 001 OM  20151113 Initial implementation.
** 002 EVL 20160406 Javadoc fix.
** 003 GBB 20230512 Logging methods replaced by CentralLogger/ConversionStatus.
*/
/*
** This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
** it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
** published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
** License, or (at your option) any later version.
**
** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
** but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
** GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
**
** You may find a copy of the GNU Affero GPL version 3 at the following
** location: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html
** 
** Additional terms under GNU Affero GPL version 3 section 7:
** 
**   Under Section 7 of the GNU Affero GPL version 3, the following additional
**   terms apply to the works covered under the License.  These additional terms
**   are non-permissive additional terms allowed under Section 7 of the GNU
**   Affero GPL version 3 and may not be removed by you.
** 
**   0. Attribution Requirement.
** 
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**     work or Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing the covered
**     work.  You may not remove from the covered work any author or developer
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** 
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** 
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*/

package com.goldencode.p2j.security;

import com.goldencode.p2j.util.logging.*;

/**
 * Utility class that mimics the symmetric encryption of Progress' {@code genpassword} utility.
 * The algorithm used is quite naive, each byte of the message is XOR-ed with the corresponding
 * byte of a <i>secret</i> key. If the key is shorter, its pointer is restarted from the beginning
 * and the process continues until the entire message is processed. Evidently, applying this
 * algorithm twice using the same password/key we obtain the original message:
 *                          <pre>(a XOR b) XOR b = a</pre>
 * <p>
 * The difference between the format of encrypted and plain message occurs because the encrypted
 * message, in the initial form can contain non-printable ascii codes. So it is converted to a
 * hexadecimal representation, which uses twice as many characters but they are limited to
 * hexadecimal digits.  
 */
public class SymmetricEncryption
{
   /** The key used for encrypting and decrypting the message. */
   private static final String SYM_KEY = "PROGRESS";

   /** Logger */
   private static final CentralLogger LOG = CentralLogger.get(SymmetricEncryption.class);
   
   /**
    * The command-line utility. The syntax is:
    * <pre>
    *    &gt; java SymmetricEncryption plain [coded]
    * </pre>
    * If only {@code plain} is provided, then the argument is encrypted with symmetric algorithm
    * and the result is printed to STDOUT.
    * <p>
    * If the 2nd parameter is also provided ({@code coded}) then it is used for verification
    * (against the encrypted {@code plain}). On success, the application returns normally without
    * printing anything. Otherwise a message is printed to STDERR and -2 is returned to OS. 
    *  
    * @param   args
    *          The parameters passed in by OS.
    */
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      if (args.length == 0)
      {
         LOG.severe("At least a parameter must be provided.");
         System.exit(-1);
      }
      
      if (args.length == 1)
      {
         LOG.info(encrypt(args[0]));
         return;
      }
      
      if (args.length == 2)
      {
         if (encrypt(args[0]).equalsIgnoreCase(args[1]))
         {
            // 1st argument encrypted equals 2nd one
            return;
         }
         
         // if testing fails, return an error level to OS
         LOG.severe("The plain and coded do not match.");
         System.exit(-2);
      }
      
      // max 2 parameter may be passed in
      LOG.severe("Too many parameters.");
      System.exit(-3);
   }
   
   /**
    * Encryption method. The symmetric encryption is performed on input string and the result is
    * returned. Because the intermediary code is not usually printable, the final result is
    * passed through a hex encoder.
    * 
    * @param   plainMessage
    *          The message to be encoded in plain ASCII.
    * 
    * @return  The encrypted message. It is always twice as long and the characters are
    *          hexadecimal digits. 
    */
   public static String encrypt(String plainMessage)
   {
      if (plainMessage == null || plainMessage.length() == 0)
      {
         return plainMessage;
      }
      return toHexString(process(SYM_KEY, plainMessage.getBytes()));
   }
   
   /**
    * Decryption method. The symmetric crypt algorithm is applied again so the original message
    * is obtained.
    *
    * @param   codedMessage
    *          The encoded message. Since it is hex-encoded, its size must be even and each
    *          character a hexadecimal digit. 
    *
    * @return  The original message.
    */
   public static String decrypt(String codedMessage)
   {
      if (codedMessage == null || codedMessage.length() == 0)
      {
         return codedMessage;
      }
      return new String(process(SYM_KEY, asBytes(codedMessage)));
   }
   
   /**
    * Utility method. Converts a byte array to its ASCII printable string representation using
    * hexadecimal encoding of each byte.
    * 
    * @param   code
    *          An array of bytes to be processed. In this case this is the encrypted message.
    *          
    * @return  Hexadecimal representation of the {@code code}.
    */
   private static String toHexString(byte[] code)
   {
      // allocate the exact space for hexadecimal representation of the code array
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(code.length * 2);
   
      for (byte aByte : code)
      {
         // insert a leading 0 to keep the 2 digits per byte for 1 digit representation
         if ((aByte & 255) < 16)
         {
            sb.append("0");
         }
      
         sb.append(Long.toString((long) (aByte & 255), 16));
      }
      
      return sb.toString();
   }
   
   /**
    * Converts a hexadecimal representation to initial bytes array.
    * 
    * @param   hexString
    *          The input string. Must have an even length and all characters be valid hexadecimal
    *          digits.
    * 
    * @return  The original byte array. 
    */
   private static byte[] asBytes(String hexString)
   {
      int len = hexString.length();
      byte[] bytes = new byte[((len & 1) == 0) ? (len / 2) : len];
      
      int i = 0;
      
      for (int j = 0; i < len; ++j)
      {
         // take 2 hex digits and generate a single byte
         short var7 = Short.parseShort(hexString.substring(i, i + 2), 16);
         bytes[j] = (byte)(var7 & 255);
         i += 2;
      }
      
      return bytes;
   }
   
   /**
    * This is the core algorithm. It is applied for both encrypting and decrypting the message.
    * The {@code passwd} is transformed into a byte array, then the message is linearly processed:
    * each byte is XOR-ed with the corresponding byte from the key. 
    * 
    * @param   passwd
    *          The password / key used for coding.
    * @param   data
    *          The data to be processed.
    *          
    * @return  The processed array.
    */
   private static byte[] process(String passwd, byte[] data)
   {
      byte[] kData = passwd.getBytes();
      byte[] pData = new byte[data.length];
      
      for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < data.length; ++j)
      {
         if (j >= kData.length)
         {
            // if we got to end of key, we roll it back from the beginning 
            j = 0;
         }
         
         pData[i] = (byte)(data[i] ^ kData[j]);
         ++i;
      }
      
      return pData;
   }
}